Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub cub tawg steel muaj xws li smelting, refining, alloying, thiab casting. Tshwj xeeb:
Blast Rauv: Feem ntau siv los ua npua hlau. Cov txheej txheem steelmaking hauv lub qhov cub tawg feem ntau suav nrog peb theem: them pretreatment, txo smelting, thiab kub nce. Tus nqi pretreatment muaj xws li ore crushing, tshuaj ntsuam, thiab batching. Cov kauj ruam no ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov nqi sib xyaw, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev txo qis tom qab smelting txheej txheem. Nyob rau hauv qhov txo smelting theem, tus nqi yog maj pyrolyzed thiab txo, ua kua hlau thiab slag. Lub qhov cub tawg tuaj yeem hloov cov impurities los ntawm cov hlau mus rau lub slag ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tsis tu ncua purifying qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau molten. Yog li ntawd, qhov cub tawg ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev sib cais cov hlau los ntawm cov hlau tsis yog-hlau.
Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob: Ib qho cuab yeej ua kom sov cov nqi siv hluav taws xob, siv cov khoom siv dag zog quartz xuab zeb thiab graphite tshav kub qhov chaw los ua kom sov cov hlau los yog npua hlau rau smelting. Piv nrog rau cov tsoos blast furnaces thiab converters, hluav taws xob furnaces muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub sij hawm sai dua, zoo purification nyhuv, meej tswj ntawm lub cub tawg kub thiab ib puag ncig, thiab ntau uniform zoo molten hlau. Hluav taws xob arc furnaces (EAFs) kuj tuaj yeem ua ntau yam txheej txheem tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev sib txuas cov oxidizing sib txawv thiab txo cov neeg ua haujlwm, xws li sulfur oxidation, phosphorus txo, thiab chromium ntxiv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no ua rau cov hlau nrog cov khoom zoo dua. EAF steelmaking feem ntau suav nrog peb theem: melting, oxidation, thiab txo qis, tsim ob qho tib si oxidizing thiab txo cov cua hauv qhov cub, yog li txhim kho dephosphorization thiab desulfurization efficiency. Piv nrog rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob tawg thiab cov hloov pauv, EAF steelmaking siv cov khoom seem muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov peev txheej qis dua.
AOD furnaces: Cov no yog cov thev naus laus zis siab heev rau kev ua kom zoo nkauj stainless hlau. Lawv tau siv dav vim lawv cov khoom siv yooj yim, kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, muaj zog yoog raws, kev nqis peev tsawg, thiab cov nqi tsim khoom tsawg. Thaum lub sij hawm smelting txheej txheem, blast furnace molten hlau thiab molten hlau los ntawm hluav taws xob arc rauv yog txhaj rau hauv AOD rauv. Kev sib xyaw ntawm O2, Ar, lossis N2 gases yog cua tshuab rau decarburize cov hlau. Ib txhij, txo cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov neeg ua haujlwm desulfurizing, ferroalloys, lossis cov khoom ua kom txias ntxiv los ntawm kev them nyiaj yog siv los kho cov hlau muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab qhov kub thiab txias, thaum kawg tsim cov hlau tsis zoo. Hauv kev kho kom zoo, kev xa khoom thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm cov roj sib xyaw yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm AOD rauv. Tom qab cov txheej txheem suav nrog kev tsim cov pa oxygen hauv cov pa oxygen- tsim kev cob qhia, kev thauj mus los hauv cov kav dej, ntsuas ntsuas, kev txo qis, kev tswj hwm, thiab kev sib xyaw, cov pa roj nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov cub ntawm qhov xav tau txaus thiab feem. Thaum pib smelting, oxygen tau tshuab mus rau hauv lub pas dej ua kua hlau los ntawm lub qhov cub sab saum toj qhib los ntawm ob - txheej dej - cov pa cua txias cua tshuab rau decarburization. Thaum lub sij hawm refining theem, cov roj sib xyaw yog pub rau hauv qhov cub los ntawm sab lances.
LF Rauv: Cov txheej txheem refining integrates ntau yam technologies, nrog rau argon nplawm nyob rau hauv ib tug tsawg- pa cua, graphite electrode cua sov, thiab siv cov dawb slag. Cov thev naus laus zis no ua haujlwm ua ke kom txo qis cov pa oxygen thiab sulfur cov ntsiab lus hauv cov hlau, ua kom muaj kev suav nrog qib ASTM 0-0.1. Lub qhov cub LF kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob lossis cov pa oxygen converters los tsim cov hlau zoo - zoo. Nyob rau hauv kev cob qhia nruam nruam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov hlau alloy nruam casting ntau lawm kab, LF rauv yog ib qho khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tswj cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, kub, thiab khaws cia cov hlau molten. Lub LF rauv muaj ntau yam zoo, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm zoo desulfurization, tswj qhov kub thiab txias, kev kho kom zoo ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, txhim kho steel purity, thiab hloov tau yooj yim slag tsim. Thaum txuas nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob arc rauv, nws tuaj yeem ua rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob luv luv thiab txhim kho steel zoo. Thaum txuas nrog LD converter, nws tuaj yeem ua kom txo qis ntawm cov hlau hloov pauv, yog li txhim kho steel zoo thiab nthuav dav cov peev txheej ntawm cov qib steel tshiab. Kev tswj nruj ntawm cov hlau muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov zoo rau kev txhim kho lub hardenability ntawm cov hlau thiab cov txheej txheem nruam nruam ntawm cov hlau tshwj xeeb. Tom qab AOD refining, cov hlau molten nkag mus rau hauv LF rauv rau theem nrab refining kom txo tau cov inclusions thiab xyuas kom siab purity ntawm cov hlau molten.